Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum
the potato is an annual species of the Solanaceae family originating in the Andes that reproduces by underground tubers are stalks. These are the comestivle tubers of the potato. A growing buds are called eyes.
Uses:
can bake, broil, fry, put in salads, make purees, soups, etc ... also be used for dextrin, glucose, starch, etc ... addition to animal feed.
also has a medicinal value, protecting the liver and gallbladder, is used to stimulate digestion and acts as a diuretic, that is, as a scavenger of liquids, other than to lower cholesterol and fat blood, also has content in insulin diabetics benefit by limiting the concentration of sugar in the blood.
Variety: Are the
extratempranos (from 15 January to 15 April), early (from 15 April to 15 June), half of season (from June 15 the 30 th September) and tardies (30 September to 15 January).
The early extratempranos and are immature and can be peeled with a fingernail once cooked.
varieties of potatoes can be by the color of the skin ( red, yellow, white ) or the flesh color (yellow or white). Skin may be
smooth or rough , buds can be surface or sunken , can also distinguish different ways in the tuber that can be cylindrical, oval-shaped or round . All this determines the differences between the 1500 varieties that exist. Yellow
- Etoile du Leon (yellow skin and white flesh, smooth surface, surface buds, young, good cooking quality, grown in Valencia and other Mediterranean areas).
- Jaerla (skin and yellow flesh, smooth skin "eyes" = Bud surface tubérculosovales round, early, good cooking quality.)
- Bintje (yellow skin and flesh, smooth skin, shallow eyes, medium-early, elongated oval tubers, large, good quality both in developing chips and cooked).
- Claustar (skin and yellow flesh, smooth surface, shallow eyes, medium-early, oval round tubers, buenacalidad for consumption, keeping).
- Eureka (skin and yellow flesh, oval tubers, shallow eyes, large, medium-early).
- Kennebec (yellowish white skin, white flesh, shallow eyes, white skin, large tubers, medium-early).
- Marfona (skin and yellow flesh, whites, yolks, semi-deep, smooth skin, can be semitempranaque medium late, large tubers, good cooking).
- Monalisa (skin and yellow flesh, large oval tubers, shallow eyes, medium-early).
- Royal Kidney (yellow, smooth, white flesh, large eyes surface cultivadaen Balearic and Canary Islands for export).
- Spunta (clear yellow flesh and skin, kidney-jarring large tubers, smooth skin, shallow eyes, good quality, medium-early, cultivated in Castilla y León).
- Obelix (yellow skin, light yellow flesh, skin semilisa).
- Arran Banner (light yellow skin and white flesh, round tubers somewhat flattened, deep sunken eyes, medium-early cycle, spring and summer collection that can reach semi-late cycle, harvest in summer and autumn, widespread cultivation in northern deEspaña).
- Agria (skin and yellow flesh, smooth skin, sunken buds, elongated cylindrical tubers).
- King Edward (yellow skin and white flesh, shallow eyes with a slight reddish pigmentation, oval tubers, widely cultivated in the Canary Islands).
- Alfa (yellow skin and flesh, rough, somewhat sunken eyes, thick tubers, medium late).
- Baraka (yellow skin and flesh, tubers large elongated oval type, late maturing, good quality). White
- Pentland (skin and white flesh, round oval tubers, shallow eyes, medium late).
- Xantia (skin and white flesh, smooth skin, egg surface, irregular round shape).
- Friesland (skin and white flesh, smooth skin, sunken eyes, round). Rojas
- Condor (red skin and pale yellow flesh, shallow eyes, oval, medium-early to medium late).
- Red Pontiac (red skin and white flesh, tubers rounded, sunken eyes, medium-early, good quality for consumption).
- Desiree (red skin smooth, light yellow flesh, elongated oval tubers large, medium late, for baking and frying).
- Asterix (red skin, light yellow flesh, rough surface).
Other:
- Achat.
- Álava.
- Arka.
- Attica.
- Aura.
- Bartin.
- Belladonna.
- Bella de Fontenay.
- Bimonda.
- Blanka.
- Cantata.
- Cardinal.
- Duquesa.
- Fábula.
- Furore.
- Geld.
- Gineke.
- Goya.
- Heida.
- Inca.
- Kingston.
- Maica.
- Majestic.
- Worldwide.
- Nicola.
- Olalla.
- Olinda.
- Ostara.
- Palogan.
- Rosalie.
- Sergen.
- Turia.
- Up-to-date.
- Urgent.
- Victor. Temperatures
:
is sensitive to late frosts it delays the start of the tubers and decreases the production is small tubers. On the contrary if it is too high to affect tuber formation and pests and diseases can develop.
Soil
:
should not be planted in stony or compact because it was formed while the tuber, it requires a well-aerated soil and fluffy, is a plant that can withstand salinity. Sowing
:
To make hybrids and new seed varieties are used. To plant potatoes can get another crop of potatoes that are cut. If small pieces are used for livestock. To plant the ground must have a temperature above 7 degrees and depends on the date of planting area. When planted in colder areas planted in late spring or early summer and can be collected in October or November. And if it is hot weather are planted in spring. For the early
less land is needed and will come in early summer. The earliest departing between 0:14 weeks, the following among the fifteen and eighteen weeks and normal between eighteen and twenty weeks.
It must plant whole tubers weighing more than 30 grams but also can be cut up into two equal-sized pieces with the same number of buds. Plantation
:
is made with small tubers or pieces of potato with two or three buds facing up making a hole in the ground and leaving it aired. We will have to leave a meter between the rows, with a depth of 7 to 8 cm and leaving a separation of 20 centimeters.
You can put the tubers in trays for 6 weeks prior to spring planting. Irrigation
:
The best method to irrigate potatoes is the spray dry land but can hold water and will appreciate having the highest number of tubers, but not be over water when they go out or when tubers appears flower and can be harmful because it reduces the felucca and can make it vulnerable to some diseases. It can strengthen the root if left without much water when making the tuber.
fertilization :
preferably with organic fertilizer that can be served with compost in large quantities.
Weeds:
Weeds are detrimental to the potato.
Other work :
clumps are broken before harvesting the tubers as they help to fatten the tubers.
Collection:
potato cycle from 3 to 6 months depending on when you plant and climate. Potatoes are started when the flowers open. With more tardies must wait the stem is brown. We must save them in a dark, dry place so they do not sprout. We must do a rotation every 5 years to avoid some parasites.
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