Thursday, March 19, 2009

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Pepper Onion Tomatoes

Allium cepa.

is a plant of Asian origin, Western Asia, the lily family. It is a bulb that is formed by layers that are thick and fleshy nutritional reserves for feeding sheets and other layers are covered with fine, dry but they are the backbone of the leaves. The stem is stronger in the background and comes to be between 80 and 150 cm in height.
On the way there are varieties (in the form of a spinning top, globe, etc ...) and colors from white to yellow in color but red. Variety

:

There are a variety, but in Spain there are 4 main varieties:
- Early -turns in the spring. Varieties: spring (April-May), slug (May-June, has invested a cylinder, is very juicy and has a yellowish layer), early grain texas (very small comes fast and is yellow), ox blood (May-June, depressed bulb has a purple color that comes to the layers of the interior), yellow-straw (June, has a flattened shape), yellow bermuda (May-June, has flattened).
- Media station : Liria (June-July, is called a half point, is an intermediate between the onion and grain slug, are round and yellow), Crystal Wax White Bermuda or ( grown in the Canary Islands from May to June), Spain White (July, is white), Spain Residence (July to August, the outer layers are purple and red inside, the bulb is round).
- Delayed : Spain Yellow Sulphur (fall-iinvierno, are large, flattened and greenish-yellow) of Grain, Grain gold or Valencia late (September -October, the size is medium to large with a pale yellow color), purple Amposta (October-November, is very similar to the grain of gold but the exterior is red), dulce de Fuentes de Ebro ( autumn is large is used for salads and yellow).
- Other : Onions (June-July, are small for pickling), brown onion (especially for sausage).

Chemical composition of the onion : Water

92% 5% Carbohydrates (fiber 1, 3%)

Protein 1, 4% lipids

0, 2%

140 mg/100 g Potassium Sodium

8 mg/100 g mg/100 g Phosphorus 42 Iron

1 mg/100 g Vitamin C 19

mg/100 g


Culture:

Temperature:

temperature Likes tuned between 15 and 23 degrees but the principle can withstand low temperatures. In the formation and growth of the bulb needs higher temperatures and more daylight hours in spring come the first, the short days and in summer-autumn late, those long days. Soil

:

requires loose soil, deep, with nutrient-rich organic matter, low in lime and of medium consistency, with a slightly acid PH. In areas with stone, with shallow water, the bulbs do not grow well and come out with a strong flavor. Care must be taken not to puddle.
If you have poor soils onions will keep better, but are less developed. If we obtain large bulbs need very fertile land, but if we paid with manure have to wait a year before planting.

Paving the way: In the terrn

compact to do more depth in the loose that can be planted 30 to 35 cm by the short length of their roots. If the culture is done on ridges, are made at a distance of 40 cm but is a method widely used.

Sowing :

seeds are obtained in the second year of cultivation. Usually reproduce by seed, Some varieties take small bulbs next to the main bulb can be used for new plantations. Planting can be done in the nursery or directly, but usually used the nursery, it is late winter, the first week of March.

In cold areas need to be protected from frost with plastic tunnels.

In direct sowing in the soil, the amount of seed required is very variable (4 g/m2), covering the seed with a layer of mulch 3-4 cm thick.

burying the seed is sown at 1.5 cm in rows 25 cm each. Germinate at 21 days or so. Stocking density depends on the type of bulb. Plantar

every 10-15 cm bulbs in rows 25-30 cm.Cambiar in spring to a separation of 15 cm between rows and 25. Cut half of the leaves before planting and do not put too buried specimens.

Irrigation:

plantar Nothing else has to make the first irrigation. Be watered every 15 to 20 days. In the second planting to do more risks as it is in spring-summer and late summer to autumn onions grow in winter and spring and have more moisture per se, need less watering. The lack of irrigation at the end of the process makes you better keep the bulb, for which we will of water 15 or 30 days prior to pick them up. Be watered when the weather is dry but you have to let the bulbs when they are formed and the leaves begin to curl downwards.

is very sensitive to excessive moisture, because sudden changes can cause cracking of the bulbs. If irrigated eventually retain much worse.

Weeds:

Due to the short roots of the onion must be thoroughly clean the weeds to get a better harvest. They have to make repeated weeding to aerate the Terran, disrupt the capillary and eliminate weeds. The first has to be done when the plants have reached 10 cm in height, the other when necessary.

Other work :

clarify when the plants are large enough to be manipulated.

Recalzar:

cabaret but must be careful that the roots do not suffer. The exchange to repeat this crop has to be less than 3 years and for best results are on land that had not previously used.

Collection :

The duraccion crop is 80 to 150 days. Bulbs are collected when they have grown enough and be saved you have to wait until the top is dry, the soil is raked and dried onions in the sun.

collection is done in summer when the leaves start to yellow.

Conservation :

When gathering is to take away the roots and leaves are woven together to form strings, hang dry and ventilated for good conservation. They can be kept stacked in a height of 80 cm thick, isolated from soil in dry and ventilated. For better preservation should ideally have low temperatures, dry and well ventilated.


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