can be defined as "a language impairment due to brain lesions produced after the acquisition of language or during it. "(Seron and Aguilar, 1992, p.337). It is possible to identify different types of aphasia, according to the mode of expression involved, which are almost never found in pure form: oral, written , gestures and reception. For purposes of differentiating aphasia from other disorders, there must be a central nervous system injury that affects the language, which usually occurs in areas fronto-temporo-parietal-dominant hemisphere usually left - the one encephalopathy, a cardio-vascular accident, a TEC or a tumor. aphasia is considered, more clearly, when it occurs after 3 years of age, approximately. The loss of language is sharp and straight to a period of coma. At first the child may remain silent, or make just a few words. (Aidex, 2000a).
Criteria for the diagnosis of childhood aphasia
According to DSM-IV (1995), the criteria necessary to diagnose a child aphasia are:
1. total or partial loss of language so sharp in children who already had language. (After an approximate age 3 years and 6 months).
2. localized brain injury, diagnosed or highly presumptive.
3. is not due to cerebral palsy, pervasive developmental disorders, or mental deficiency.
Differential characteristics:
The linguistic manifestation of childhood aphasia can resemble other disorders whose essential characteristics belong to other types of non-specific disorders Language: psychomotor disorder, mental disorder (oligophrenias), disorganization biological, psychological disorders.
dysarthria In no disorder in the language field, but only involvement of motor component in the degree of realization of the joint. (Aidex, 2000a)
Classification.
Depending on the type of damage and disruption caused to the various factors involved in language, aphasia can be classified in:
Sensory or Wernicke's aphasia.
occurring following an injury to the posterior third of temporary bypasses the left hemisphere cortex responsible for hearing function. It is expressed in difficulty analyzing the sounds of language, disrupt language comprehension and oral expression, making the correct read of isolated linguistic elements and preventing the perception of sound sets as having meaning.
acoustic-amnestic aphasia
is a variant of Wernicke's aphasia, which presents difficulties in retaining some features of language aids. The patient may repeat sounds and words in isolation, but can not repeat series of 3 or 4 words together or accelerated sound sequences.
motor aphasia.
According to the location of the lesion, these can be classified as:
· or kinesthetic afferent motor aphasia: there is an impossibility to find the combination of moves required to broadcast sound phonemes or chains that make up words or phrases that, due to the difficulty in perceiving their phonatory organs and the exact position in which they should be for a phoneme. In severe cases the patient can not make a sound, whereas in milder forms may do so, but confusing those who are similar in form of joint.
· efferent motor aphasia or Broca: results from an injury in the pre-motor speech area. Causes a lack of fluency in the joint, an inability to string together various joints in correct grammatical order, but the process itself is not affected.
· dynamic aphasia, is caused by an injury to the lower area of \u200b\u200bthe frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, presenting difficulties in organizing the ideas into utterances. Was observed among those deficits in the initiative to speak spontaneously, being echolalic or stereotyped expressions.
· Semantic aphasia: aphasia in these subjects have difficulty in establishing the meaning of a sentence according to the positions of the various words in grammatical structure. In addition, there might be other cases of anomie, in which the subject can not find the name of the objects.
· Aphasia pragmatic: "The words information display the proper syntax but the links are inadequate. The message is messy and chaotic and vocabulary show restraint." (Aguilar, and Seron , 1992, p.341)
· global aphasia or total: Named when oral language is virtually abolished in all its aspects: sensory and motor studies. It is called by Broca and Wernicke's aphasia. Usually this disorder is associated with a stroke and the prognosis is severe.
child Aphasia
"child Aphasia is a disorder of emitter aspect of language. To get a clearer, infantile acquired aphasia is between condition called dysphasia ( described above) and a specific disorder language. In the first, the deficit is in the structuring of language, in the second, the disturbance occurs in the initiation and development of language. "This is infantile acquired aphasia resulting from the appearance of brain injury between the two - three years of life." (Seron and Aguilar, 1992, p.341). It differs from adult aphasia by the type of disorder that produces and not by the injury itself, since the child (depending on age), not being fully developed neuro-linguistic patterns, the injury does not produce much alteration and in adults.
As a cause of brain injury aphasia are causing encephalitis, stroke or brain tumors. The most favorable prognosis is less clear as was the hemispheric lateralization of language in the area at the time of the injury.
According Barraquer Bordas (1977, in Aguilar, and Seron, 1992, p.341), childhood aphasia, unlike the adult where no reduction of spontaneous speech, together with poverty and telegraphic style vocabulary (words juxtaposed in a sentence without grammatical links), sometimes the sentences issued are properly articulated and proper grammar, no stereotypes or paraphasias and recovery is faster than in adults.
The acquired aphasia disorders predominates over the receptive expressive, especially a reduction of spontaneous speech, occurring disorders of written language and reading can become permanent. The criteria for diagnosis of aphasia are: severe retardation of language comprehension and expression, dysfunction in the perception of stimuli presented, disruption in information storage, normal intelligence. .
found in the aphasia one or more deficits in language construct, but may not necessarily an injury, as in acquired aphasia. In addition to these signs, children with aphasia often have disorders in discrimination and phonetic association, together with problems in auditory sequential memory. As a result of aphasia, has suggested a delay in the maturation of centers responsible for the integration of sounds, or the presence of early brain injury. (Seron and Aguilar, 1992)
0 comments:
Post a Comment